The Promise and Problems of Pricing Carbon: Theory and Experience
13.11.2011
Joseph E. Aldy, Robert N. Stavins
Q540, Q580, Q400, Q480
Global Climate Change, Market-Based Instruments, Carbon Pricing, Carbon Taxes, Cap-and-Trade, Emission Reduction Credits, Energy Subsidies, Clean Energy Standards
Climate Change and Sustainable Development
Carlo Carraro
Because of the global commons nature of climate change, international cooperation among nations will likely be necessary for meaningful action at the global level. At the same time, it will inevitably be up to the actions of sovereign nations to put in place policies that bring about meaningful reductions in the emissions of greenhouse gases. Due to the ubiquity and diversity of emissions of greenhouse gases in most economies, as well as the variation in abatement costs among individual sources, conventional environmental policy approaches, such as uniform technology and performance standards, are unlikely to be sufficient to the task. Therefore, attention has increasingly turned to market-based instruments in the form of carbon-pricing mechanisms. We examine the opportunities and challenges associated with the major options for carbon pricing: carbon taxes, cap-and-trade, emission reduction credits, clean energy standards, and fossil fuel subsidy reductions.
Suggested citation: Joseph E. Aldy and Robert N. Stavins, The Promise and Problems of Pricing Carbon: Theory and Experience, Journal of Environment and Development 21(2) 2012, pp 152-180