In this paper we test whether participation in EU sponsored Research Joint Ventures (RJVs) has a positive impact on participating firms’ performance. We apply our statistical methodology to RJVs sponsored under two different programmes: EUREKA and (3rd and 4th) Programme Frameworks for Science and Technology (PFST). Overall results show a positive association between participation, labour and total factor productivity, and price cost margin only in the case of EUREKA. On the contrary, firms participating FPST RJVs do not show any clear pattern.