The urgency of the fight against climate change is constantly increasing, as it poses a serious threat to our society as a whole, and the civil society, the production system and the institutions are called to act resolutely in this respect. However, action implies decisions, which are often difficult to make, especially for institutions, who are usually seen as leaders and frontrunners. Implementing a determined policy requires a considerable amount of analysis, taking into account not only the direct effects, but also the indirect ones. This holds true also for the identification of the best instrument to achieve the optimal balanced growth path, as the transition can be very different, in particular when it comes to costs. For this reason, some scholars have attempted to analyse the potential trade-off between political feasibility and environmental policies’ cost-effectiveness.