The geography of mining and its environmental impact in Europe
05.03.2025
Andrea Bastianin (Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei), Chiara F. Del Bo (Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan), Luqman Shamsudin (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan)
L72, O52, Q32, Q51, R11
Critical raw materials, Europe, Life Cycle Assessment Impact Analysis, mining, regional
We map the mining sector in Europe, with a focus on Energy Transition Metals (ETMs), and present an in-depth analysis of the environmental impact and associated monetary costs, at the regional level, of extraction activities. We aim to offer a spatially disaggregated view of the current mining projects and associated environmental costs in terms of CO2 emissions and their monetary value. To do this, we collected global warming potential (GWP) data from Life Cycle Assessment Impact Analysis (LCIA) and linked these to their expected monetary value. By considering the full spectrum of sourced ETMs, we map the environmental, physical, and monetary impact of current mining activities in Europe, and understand what a further increase in exploiting European reserves to reduce dependence from abroad and facilitate the green transition, could imply for European regions.
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Suggested citation: A. Bastianin, C. F. Del Bo, L. Shamsudin, ‘The geography of mining and its environmental impact in Europe’, Nota di Lavoro 08.2025, Milano, Italia: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei