The current condition of cities involved in recent wars are dramatic, only in Syria more than 4 million houses have been destroyed and almost a third of the entire population has been displaced. The constructive effort necessary for the upcoming reconstruction is well over the possibilities of the country: it would require the whole sector to produce more than ten times the houses produced in prewar years for over ten consecutive years (ESCWA, 2018). Materials and technologies will play a key role in the upcoming processes; for example the water shortage of the area will not allow to reconstruct with concrete technologies that are too water demanding (Dardari, 2016). It is necessary to identify, research and develop alternative materials that use rubbles and other wastes as resources through a process of sustainable transformation. Decisions made on the subject of materials and constructive technologies will be key elements in channeling future reconstruction policies.

The current condition of cities involved in recent wars are dramatic, only in Syria more than 4 million houses have been destroyed and almost a third of the entire population has been displaced. The constructive effort necessary for the upcoming reconstruction is well over the possibilities of the country: it would require the whole sector to produce more than ten times the houses produced in prewar years for over ten consecutive years (ESCWA, 2018). Materials and technologies will play a key role in the upcoming processes; for example the water shortage of the area will not allow to reconstruct with concrete technologies that are too water demanding (Dardari, 2016). It is necessary to identify, research and develop alternative materials that use rubbles and other wastes as resources through a process of sustainable transformation. Decisions made on the subject of materials and constructive technologies will be key elements in channeling future reconstruction policies.